Low birth weight and associated maternal factors in an urban area. From the 2x2 tables, we see that there were 72 low birth weight births out of a total of birth, so the risk is 72 or. Research open access risk factors for low birth weight among. A major determinant of birth outcomes is the nutritional status of mothers during pregnancy 9. Sep 25, 2007 risk factors for preterm birth, low birth weight and sga births are assessed. Adjusted odds ratio and 95% confidence interval were used to determine the strength of association. The impact of the community context on low birth weight was examined by considering place of residence ruralurban, proportion of the community that were having access to healthcare and safe water coverage, and proportion of illiterate those that can neither read nor write. Background and objective birth weight is the most important factor that affects infant and child mortality. Risk factors of low birth weight and effect of them on growth pattern. Low birthweight childrens hospital of philadelphia. Pdf incidence and associated risk factors of low birth. The incidence in spain in the decade 19801989 was about 5. Risk factors for low birth weight in hospitals of north wello. World health organization estimates that 25 million lbw babies are born annually worldwide and 95% occur in developing countries.
To assess the prevalence and associated factors of low birth weight among term neonates delivered in adwa hospital, northern ethiopia. Very low birth weight infants have decreased cognitive, language and motor functions 11. All women under 17 are at an increased risk of delivering a low birth weight baby. The risk factors were mothers aged less than 20 years, mothers whose pregnancy was desired, mothers with a history of abortion, and mothers with normal hemoglobin, iron with folic acid. Risk factors in your everyday life for having a lowbirthweight baby.
Many maternal and fetal factors are determined as risk factors of lbw. The subjects were all women who delivered at manhyia hospital within the years 2010 and 2012. Low birth weight is one of the main risk factors for infant morbidity and mortality. Risk factors associated with low birth weight of neonates. Age, malnutrition and low parity were risk factors for low birth weight among rural pregnant women. Health effects low birthweight and the environment cdc. Thus, data on the frequency and risk factors of lbw and ptb are crucial for the design of maternal and child. Status of knowledge on the risk factors of low birth weight among the women of reproductive age in rural bangladesh article pdf available january 2017 with 465 reads how we measure reads. There are large disparities in the prevalence of lbw by race and ethnicity, especially between african american and white women. Babies who survive can have breathing issues, intestinal digestive problems, and bleeding in their brains.
Prevalence and risk factors for postpartum depression among women with preterm and low. May 19, 2015 children are more riskprone group of the population and low birth weight lbw is the leadingcause of newborns mortality and morbidity. Risk factors of low birth weight and effect of them on growth. Despite extensive research, the practice of clinical and public health, and policies devoted to reducing the number of lbw infants, the prevalence of lbw has. The risk of ivh is inversely related to gestational age and birth weight. Recent trends, risk factors, and disparities in low birth. The prevalence and risk factors for low birth weight among.
There were also an increased risks of mothers o20 years giving birth to low. In all those patients who gave birth to lbw babies risk factors were assessed. Apr 02, 2009 april 2, 2009 low birth weight babies have been shown in numerous studies to have an elevated risk for heart disease in adulthood, and now a new study may help explain why. One thousand two hundred 1,200 who delivered at the hospital. A case control study on risk factors associated with low. Research open access risk factors for low birth weight among rural and urban malaysian women satvinder kaur1, choon ming ng1, slyvia e. There was significant association of low birth weight with multiple maternal factors like maternal age, education, weight, height, weight gain during pregnancy, anc visits, parity, antepartum. Risk factors for intraventricular hemorrhage in very low. Lbw is defined as childs birth weight lower than 2500 g. An exploratory case comparison design was used to identify factors related to lbw outcomes in women receiving prenatal. Low birth weight is influenced by many socioeconomic factors like habitat, urban or. Birth weight is an important determinant of child survival and development. Risk factors for low birth weight in hospitals of north. We will focus on what be believe to be the most important causes.
Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and associated factors of low birth weight among mothers who delivered at governmental hospitals. Pdf on jan 1, 2005, hs joshi and others published risk factors associated with low birth weight in newborns find, read and cite all the research you need. Various studies have been conducted to explore the relationship between birth weight and laterlife conditions, regarding physical and mental conditions. The present study was conducted to explore the associated risk factors of low birth weight which will be helpful to undertake effective measures to reduce the incidence of the low birth weight. Based on the bivariate analysis and a priori information, a multivariate logistic regression model was constructed to examine the relationship between variables and low birth weight, while also considering possible covariate e ects. A low birth weight infant can be born too small, too early, or both. Many studies have not adequately controlled for this, and their results may have been confounded by these 2 variables.
Low birth weight, pregnancy, risk factors, hospital, tanzania tanzania journal of health research 2008, vol. So far, the prevalence and traditional maternal feeding practice correlates of low birth weight have not been explored well in ethiopia. Risk factors associated with low birth weight article pdf available in journal of nepal health research council 92. Previous studies have proposed a number of risk factors for ivh. Maternal risk factors for low birth weight in a district hospital in ashanti region of ghana over 24,025women who delivered at the maternity ward of the hospital. Africanamerican babies are two times more likely to have low birthweight than white babies. This study was done to assess the maternal and sociodemographic factors associated with low birth weight lbw babies. Maternal risk factors for low birth weight in a district. The global incidence of lbw is around 17%, although. As illustrated in figure b1, these indicators may overlap. To the investigators knowledge in bale zone, no study has yet been done to elucidate the risk factors for low birth weight using case control study design.
Maternal and obstetric risk factors for low birth weight. Frequency and risk factors of low birth weight in term pregnancy. And while the educational completion outcome that conley and bennett. Pregnant women who smoke are three and a half times more likely to have an sga baby than women who dont smoke. Pdf status of knowledge on the risk factors of low birth. However, there are other factors that can also contribute to the risk of very low birthweight.
Frequency and risk factors of low birth weight in term. Among the demographic risk factors are young maternal age 6, low education 7 and primiparity 8. Teen mothers especially those younger than 15 years old have a much higher risk of having a baby with low birthweight. Research article a case control study on risk factors. To find out the incidence of low birth weight babies and assess the various risk factors responsible or contributing the production of low birth weight, very low birth weight, extremely low birth weight babies materials and method. Background although much is known about the risk factors for postpartum depression ppd, the role of giving birth to a preterm or low.
Low birthweight is closely associated with foetal and neonatal mortality and morbidity, inhibited growth and cognitive development. They are not interchangeable, however, as each has distinct etiologies and risk factors 32, 33. A crosssectional study of determinants of birth weight of. Maternal risk factors and consequences of low birth weight in. Vlbw and elbw infants are at risk for cerebral palsy. This prospective crosssectional study aimed to identify ruralurban differences in risk factors for low birth weight among women in malaysia.
Low birth weight lbw is one of the main predictors of infant mortality. Birth weight and risk of cardiovascular disease in a cohort of women followed up since 1976. Path analysis of the risk of low birth weight for multipara. Risk factors for low birth weight among rural and urban.
In the example on low birth weight, low birth weight is the adverse outcome and the total number of events is the total number of births. The neglected sociobehavioral risk factors of low birth. Risk factors for low birth weight in bale zone hospitals. Sep 17, 2015 birth weight is an important determinant of child survival and development.
This crosssectional study was conducted in department of obstetrics and gynaecology layari general hospital and dow university of health sciences karachi between january 2007 to july 2008. Children are more riskprone group of the population and low birth weight lbw is the leadingcause of newborns mortality and morbidity. Low birthweight is closely associated with foetal and neonatal mortality and morbidity, inhibited growth and cognitive development, and chronic diseases later in life. Premature birth centers for disease control and prevention. Among low birth weight infants, approximately twothirds. Prediction of low birth weight infants and its risk factors. We observed differences in risk factors for low birth weight between urban and rural pregnant women. The results of studies showed that many risk factors as women younger than 20 years, low maternal weight 50 kg, and smoking during pregnancy, can be the reason of preterm labor and preterm labor is the most risk factors in morbidity and mortality of children. Subcategories include very low birth weight vlbw, which is less than 1500 g 3 pounds 5 ounces, and extremely low birth weight elbw, which is less than g 2 pounds 3 ounces. Risk factors for low birth weight in a socioeconomically disadvantaged population. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and associated factors of low birth weight among mothers who delivered at governmental hospitals, northern. Badon2, rohana abdul jalil3, dhivyalosini maykanathan1, hip seng yim1 and hamid jan jan mohamed4 abstract background. Low birth weight babies are at a greater risk of dying during the first year of life and more likely to.
Survival data for infants born at ucsf from 19982002 inclusive are. The ethiopian government aspires to decrease neonatal mortality to 10 per live births by 2035 30. Maternal risk factors associated with low birth weight neonates. More than half of multiple birth babies have low birthweight.
Low birth weight lbw deliveries contribute to high neonatal mortality rates nmr in developing countries. Low birth weight lbw is defined by the world health organization as a birth weight of a infant of 2,499 g or less, regardless of gestational age. Maternal risk factors associated with low birth weight neonates in a tertiary. It reveals mothers and their newborn infants health. Socioeconomic background may lead to differences in physical activity and maternal nutritional status, which may play an important role in birth outcomes. Data for low birth weighta,b regiona % of infants with low birth weightb % of infants not. Highgrade intraventricular hemorrhage ivh is an important cause of severe cognitive and motor neurologic impairment in very low birth weight infants and is associated with a high mortality rate. Research open access risk factors for low birth weight. Pdf risk factors associated with low birth weight in newborns. Contextuallevel factors determinants we referred to the primary sampling unit psu of the dhs data as a community.
Low birth weight neonates were significantly p low gestation at birth 34. Lbw rate is one of the most important health indices in every society. Risk factors for preterm birth, low birth weight and sga births are assessed. Survival of vlbw babies is directly related to birth weight.
The variables including age, parity, booking status, maternal weight and height. Babies with a birth weight of less than 2500 grams, irrespective of the period of their gestation are termed as low birth weight. Odds of delivering a low birth weight baby decreased with increase in maternal haemoglobin odds ratio or. Entry of the exposure variable was forced, followed by. Understanding the association between low birth weight and the development of hypertension may assist the clinician by identifying fetal and earlylife factors affecting therapeutic responses. To determine frequency of low birth weight lbw at term and to determine frequency of various associated risk factors. Risk factors of low birth weight and effect of them on. Parity, marital status, ethnicity and cigarette smoking. Low birth weight babies are at a greater risk of neurological disorders, such as seizures, cerebral palsy, severe mental retardation, hearing and visual impairment 11. The findings of this study will add evidence for intervention.
This study was aimed to identify the risk factors of low birth weight in bale zone hospitals. The prevalence of low birth weight in the study area is the highest in the country. Pdf risk factors associated with low birth weight researchgate. The global incidence of lbw is around 17%, although estimates vary from 19% in the developing countries countries where it is an important public health problem to 57% in the developed countries. The average birth weight depends upon various factors, such as gender of the baby, overall health, lifestyle, and size of the parents, babys health, race and ethnicity, etc. The most important thing any mother can do is to see her health care provider on a regular basis. Smoking, drinking alcohol, using street drugs and abusing prescription drugs. The most common cause of low birth is malnutrition before and during the pregnancy period. Data from 3242 mothers, who attended the well baby clinic southwestern sydney, australia for the first time, were analysed in.
Deliveries in low and middle income countries are often complicated by adverse birth outcomes such as stillbirth, early neonatal mortality and morbidity. Prevalence of low birth weight, macrosomia and stillbirth. Low birth weight lbw is a leading risk factor for infant morbidity and mortality in the united states. Maternal risk factors associated with low birth weight. There are many things an expectant mother can do to help reduce the chances of delivering a baby with low birth weight.
Low birth weight prevalence in malaysia remains high. Maternal risk factors associated with low birth weight neonates in. Low birth weight lbw remains to be a leading cause of neonatal death 1, and is a major contributor to infant and underfive mortality 2. Birth weight is the weight of the newborn measured immediately after birth. Risk factors for low birth weight in a socioeconomically. A babys low weight at birth is either the result of preterm birth before 37 weeks of gestation or due to restricted foetal intrauterine growth.
The principal aim of this study was to assess risk factors for lbw in a large multiethnic and socioeconomically disadvantaged population. We therefore performed a retrospective, casecontrol. Birth weight g survival 500750 74% 7511,000 82% 1,0011,250 92% 1,2511,500 95% longterm outcome. Low birth weight lbw is a public health problem, because it is associated with increased risk of morbidity and mortality. An unmatched case control study was done involving 159 cases mothers having lbw singleton babies and 159 controls mothers having normal birth weight singleton babies. Identification of risk factors of low birth weight is important in mediating the health consequences of lbw after birth and also in reducing the prevalence of lbw. When considering a foetus that is small for its gestational age, it is important to differentiate whether this is due to intrauterine growth restriction iugr, prematurity or other constitutional factors. Risk factors for preterm, low birth weight and small for. Low birth weight lbw is one of the main risk factors that affects infant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Prevalence and risk factors for postpartum depression. Risk factors for preterm birth low birth weight lbw birth weight low birth weight is one of the main risk factors for infant morbidity and mortality. Discussion this study has been done at a tertiary care unit where majority of women, coming are illiterate belonging to lower social class, with poor nutritional status and. Furthermore, although low birth weight and low gestational age are major risk factors, they may simply describe a population at higher risk.